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下學(xué)期 Unit 15 Healthy eating
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
通過本單元教學(xué)，使學(xué)生掌握有關(guān)提出建議或忠告的句型，對他人的一些具體問題提出自己的建議或忠告。復(fù)習(xí)有關(guān)看病的用語。通過對課文的學(xué)習(xí)，了解有關(guān)營養(yǎng)與衛(wèi)生方面的基本常識，描寫中國食譜與西方食譜之間的差異及優(yōu)勢。
1．重點詞匯 examine; advise; contain; score; scores of; discuss; cause; suggestion; in (the) future; be rich in; put on weight; at the end (of); lose weight
2．重要句型 1) I advise you not to eat fruit that isn't ripe in future. 2) The result is that many of them become fat. 3) There is as much sugar in it as eight pieces of sugar.
3．語法 學(xué)習(xí)英語中提出建議和忠告的句型
4．日常交際用語
a. Seeing the doctor:
1）What can I do for you? What was the matter?
2) Lie down and let me examine you.
3) I've got a pain/cough/headache.
4) I don't feel well.
5) There's something wrong with...
6) Take this medicine three times a day.
7) Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.
8) Take two pills now and two more in four hours' time.
b. Making suggestions and giving advice
1) You'd better have a good rest.
2) I advise you to do something.
3) I advise you not to do something.
4) I suggest that you do. . .
5) Why not do. . . ?
6) Why don't you do. . . ?
教學(xué)建議
寫作建議
1．首先讓學(xué)生們寫在練習(xí)本上，然后與同組討論，互相交換議建議。
2．談?wù)摃兴o出的幾個題目，練習(xí)學(xué)生們看病的用語。如：
I’ve got a pain/ There’s something wrong, /I feel terrible./ I don’t feel well,so on.
課文建議
Step1本篇課文是有關(guān)健康飲食的話題，通過對比中西方飲食的對比，讓學(xué)生們能夠?qū)φn文的了解，教師列表寫在黑板上，如下：
Type
Food
Content
Result
Chinese
fruit, green vegetables
rich in fibre, low in sugar and fat
have healthy white teeth
Western
potato crisps, potato chips, butter, cream, chocolate, cakes, soft drinks, sweets, ham burger, Coca Cola
high in fat and
sugar and salt left;
put on weight; have no teeth
No good value for money
Step2通過閱讀，讓學(xué)生掌握一些飲食的名稱，如What’s your favorite food?
duck/ chicken/egg/peanuts/jiaozi/noodles/chocolate/cream/cakes/potato crisps/butter, etc..
聽力建議
Step1.Preparation for listening
讓學(xué)生們準(zhǔn)備去聽聽力，首先讓他們看P121頁的練習(xí)，使學(xué)生們能夠了解練習(xí)的大概內(nèi)容。
Setp2.每一道題先放一遍，提問學(xué)生們是否聽懂，大概的內(nèi)容是什么。然后再放兩遍，讓學(xué)生們單獨去做練習(xí)。
Setp3.讓學(xué)生們能夠重復(fù)每一段小故事。如：Ex1.
I was in a chemistry lesson. I was carefully looking at something on the lab table and my hair caught fire. Luckily I wasn’t badly hurt .Next time I’ll tie my hair back before I go into the lab. Long hair can be dangerous.
重點難點講解
辨析pain與ache
相同點：兩者都表示疼痛。不同點：
pain要注意以下三個方面：
① 表示身體某部位不適時，屬于可數(shù)名詞；
I’ve a pain in my back. 我后背有點疼。
② 表示精神上的痛苦時，屬于不可數(shù)名詞；
He gave his mother much pain by failing all the subjects. 他所有的考試不及格使他媽媽很痛苦。
③作“努力”、“辛苦”講時，只用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但不能用many, few修飾。
No pains, no gains. 不勞則無獲。
ache表“疼痛”時，其主語是身體的某部位，而不是“人”。
My legs ache. = I have pains in my legs. 我腳疼。
注：head, tooth, stomach（胃）與ache一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞，如：headache（頭疼），但leg, foot, hand, forehead不行。
辨析asleep, sleepy 和sleeping
相同點：這三個詞都具有形容詞性質(zhì)。不同點：
asleep意思是“睡著了,它是表語形容詞，在句中只能作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語，不能作定語。
The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school.
老師發(fā)現(xiàn)湯姆在課上睡著了，放學(xué)后把他留了下來。
sleepy意思是“想睡了”但并沒有睡著。它可以在句中作定語。
I’m sleepy and I’d like to go to bed.老想睡了，我去房間休息了。
sleeping意思是“正在睡覺”。它可以在句中作定語。
They woke up the sleeping girl and asked her where her parents were.他們把那位正在睡覺的女孩叫醒，問她父母在哪兒。
辨析diet與food
相同點：diet, food都可作“食物”解。不同點：
diet指的是習(xí)慣的食物或規(guī)定的食物，特指維持健康的定量或定質(zhì)的食物，如病人的療養(yǎng)飲食。
The doctor has ordered me a special diet.醫(yī)生給我安排了特殊的飲食。
注意：diet是可數(shù)名詞，常與不定冠詞a連用，如：
food是一般用法，凡能吃喝的具有營養(yǎng)的東西都稱food. food是不可數(shù)名詞，但在表示食品的種類時，可以用復(fù)數(shù)。
The doctor put him on a diet after operation.手術(shù)之后，醫(yī)生規(guī)定了他的飲食。
Too many sweet foods will make you fat.太多的甜食會使你發(fā)胖。
辨析in the future 與 in future
相同點：這兩個短語都表示“在將來”的意思，一般可以互換。不同點：
1) in future (= from now on)強(qiáng)調(diào)“從今以后/今后”，如：
Don’t do that again. Be more careful in future. 別再那樣做了，今后更要注意。
2) in the future (=time that has not come yet)側(cè)重表示“將來某個時候/將來”，不一定就是從今立即開始，與in the past相對。
My sister wants to be an actress in the future. 我妹妹將來想當(dāng)演員。
辨析 too much 與 much too
1) much too具有副詞功能，作程度狀語，常用來修飾形容詞或副詞原級，意為“實在太，非�！�。它不能修飾動詞。
It is much too expensive. 這實在太貴了。
2) too much具有形容詞、名詞和副詞的功能，可用作主語、賓語、表語、定語或狀語，意為“太多、過多、過分、太厲害”。中心詞為much, too用于修飾much, 表示程度，用以加強(qiáng)語氣。其用法可以歸納為以下幾種：
a. 用作形容詞，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；
b. 用作副詞，修飾動詞，作狀語。
c. 用作名詞，后常與of連用。
d. 用作代詞；
e. 一般不單獨用在be動詞之后，但可用在 “be too much for sb.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“對某人來說太難了（受不了）”。例如：
1）There was too much noise.（√）The noise was too much.（×）噪音太大了。
2）She is afraid the rip will be too much for her. 她怕受不了旅途的勞累。
3）You are asking for too much.你要的太多了。
4）Jack thinks too much of himself.杰克太自以為是。
It cost him too much. 他付出的代價太大了。
辨析advise和suggest
相同點：這二個動詞都是提出建議和忠告，后面同時可接如下用法：
1).可接名詞：He advised / suggested a rest.他建議休息一下。
2).代詞：They advised / suggested nothing to us.他們對我們沒有什么建議。
3).動名詞：Tom advised / suggested sending for a doctor at once.湯姆建議立即叫醫(yī)生。
4).that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（that從句中用should+動詞原形，should可省略，意思相近）。
I advised / suggested that he (should) eat more fruit.我建議他應(yīng)多吃水果。
不相同點：
advise可以接賓語+不定式短語或疑問詞引導(dǎo)的不定式短語，而suggest不能這樣用。
The doctor advised me to rest for a week.醫(yī)生建議我休息一星期。
I suggested to hold a meeting (×)
I suggested holding a meeting.(√)
John suggested us to go for a walk.（×）
John advised us to go for a walk.（√）
辨析die of 與die from
相同點：兩者含有“由于……而死”之意，后均接名詞或動詞-ing形式。在因外界環(huán)境影到體內(nèi)或疾病，衰弱，年邁而造成的死亡時，兩者可互換。
He died of/from overeating/hunger/cold /illness.他因為消化不良/饑餓/寒冷/疾病而死亡。
不同點：
die of 可用來表示因內(nèi)在感情而造成的死亡，或因直接原因?qū)е滤劳觯Ｓ糜谝韵虑闆r：
die of cancer/a cold/a fever/old age/sorrow/love
die from用來表示非人體的而是環(huán)境污染，事故等造成的死亡，或者說因間接原因?qū)е滤劳�，常用以下情況：
die from polluted air /an accident/drinking too much/ a wound因污染的空氣/事故/飲酒過度/受傷而死
分析句型as much /many as…
作“多達(dá)……程度”解。所涉及的數(shù)量如果是可數(shù)的，則用many,如果是不可數(shù) 的，則用much， 如：
You can eat as much as you like.你愛吃多少就吃多少。
Here are plenty of magazines. Take as many as you want. 這里有大量的雜志，你要多少拿多少吧。
分析discuss用法
vt.討論，商量，商討
1.+疑問詞+to do
We’ll discuss when to hold the sports meeting.我們將討論什么時候開支運動會。
2. +從句
We discussed where we should go.我們討論了我們該上哪兒去。
n.討論，議論
We had a long discussion about the question.關(guān)于這個問題我們討論了很長時間。
cause much discussion 引起議論
be under discussion 在討論中。
1．When playing football or basketball, you might be using 400 calories an hour.
這句是狀語從句中省略了主語和動詞be.在表示時間、地點、條件、方式（比較）或讓步等的狀語從句中，如果謂語含有動詞be,主語又和主句的主語一致，或其主語是it,那么從句中的主語和謂語的一部分（尤其是動詞be） 往往可以省略，如：
連詞+V-ing
When (she was) walking along the river, she met the stranger.
連詞+V-ed
He won’t come unless (he is ) invited.
連詞+adj/adv
The news will change all our plan, if (it is ) true.
另外，在比較狀語從句或方式狀語從句中，可根據(jù)需要省略相同的成份。
You can jump much higher on the moon than (you jump) on the earth.
2．What food do you think is healthy and which is unhealthy?
該句為“特殊疑問詞+do you think+其他部分構(gòu)成的，用以征詢對方的看法或推測等。其中的do you think 是插入語，并不影響全句結(jié)構(gòu)�？梢杂糜谶@一結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞還有believe, imagine, suppose等，如：
Who do you think has got the first prize? 你認(rèn)為誰獲得了第一名？
Which do you suppose will be taken away next? 你認(rèn)為接下來被拿走的是哪一個？
但是當(dāng)think, believe, imagine, suppose等用在“think+賓語+to be”結(jié)構(gòu)時，要慎重選擇who（主格）或whom (賓格)，試比較：
1）Whom do you think to be the best in our class?你認(rèn)為誰是我們班最好的學(xué)生？
2）Who do you think will be our English teacher next term?你認(rèn)為下學(xué)期誰會當(dāng)我們英語教師？
句1為“think sb. to be”結(jié)構(gòu)，是對sb.表示疑問。
句2是對I think 后賓語從句的主語表示疑問。
表示建議和提出忠告的方法
“建議”可以包括兩個方面，即表示建議對方做某事和表示建議對方和自己一起做某事，第二種情況在現(xiàn)代漢語中可用“咱們”這個人稱代詞�！敖ㄗh”有許多表達(dá)方法，有直接了當(dāng)?shù)靥岢鲎约旱南敕�，也有轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角地暗示自己的想法;有隨時想起的提議，也有經(jīng)過周密思考提出的建議。表達(dá)“建議”的常用方法有：
1)用“Let’s” 開頭的祈使句后面接動詞原形，建議對方和自己一起做某事，句尾常常加 “shall we?”，“OK” 等用于征求對方看法的詞語，從而使語氣緩和得多。例如：
Let’s cross over here while the light's green.
Let’s call it a day now, OK?
Let’s go upstairs, shall we?
“Let's. . . , shall we?” 句型可以和 “Shall we…?” 換用，肯定回答常用 “Yes，let's…” 。例如：
—Shall we listen to some music? —Yes, let's listen to some.
2)用 “Why don’t you…” 句型建議對方做某事，可縮略為 “Why not…?”。 例如：
Why don't you sell the car if you need money?
Why not look in the local paper?
3）用“How/ What about…?” 句型，表達(dá)非正式的建議，征求對方意見，多數(shù)情況下建議對方和自己一起做某事。例如：
How about a trip to the beach on Sunday?
What about coming across the road for a break?
4)用suggest, suggestion等詞匯表示比較正式的建議，在會議和討論中使用較多，也常用于書面語中。例如：
I suggest a meeting with the new members.
I suggest trying it once more.
I suggest (that) we (should) take the night train.
“勸告”偏重于為對方著想，替對方出主意、想辦法，或者是長輩對晚輩、師長對學(xué)生、有經(jīng)驗的對無經(jīng)驗的人講應(yīng)該做什么或怎樣去做。表達(dá)“勸告”的常用方法有：
1) “You'd better. . . .”句型表達(dá)隨便的勸告，口語中有時省略had和主語you。例如：
You'd better take an umbrella. It's going to rain.
Better do it yourself. It's no good depending on others.
2) 用should, ought to, might, could 等情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)責(zé)任和義務(wù)。例如：
—Please tell me which courses to take in the first term.
—Well, you could take a history course. You might also take art course. You should certainly take a language course.
3) 用advise, advice 等詞匯。例如：
I strongly advise you to see the doctor.
My advice is: Go to the doctor right now.
Lesson 57 教學(xué)設(shè)計方案
Step I Lead in
1.Revise illnesses ( headache, backache, toothache, cough, cold, etc)
2.The T will ask the questions to the Ss.
1） If yon are sick or don’t feel well，where do you have to go？
2）What does a doctor do when you go to see him？
Step II Watch and Answer
l）What’s wrong with Sharon？
2）What did she eat the day before yesterday and what did the doctor advise her not to do？
Key: 1) She has got a pain and couldn't sleep last night. 2) She had a green peach and the doctor advised her not to eat fruit that is not ripe in future.
Step III Listen and Answer
Play the tape for the Ss to listen and repeat. Then let the Ss answer the questions.
1) Why do you think the doctor asked Sharon what she had yesterday?
2) Was it serious? How do you know?
3)Did the doctor give Sharon any medicine? What did the doctor ask Sharon to do with the medicine?
Step IV Language points
Go through the dialogue with the Ss and make sure the Ss understand it. Explain any difficult language points.
1.Ouch!: a cry of pain
2.Here? Here?: The doctor is touching Sharon in different places.
3. three times a day= three times every day
4. I advise you not to eat….
5. in future: you can also say in the future.
Step V Practice
Read the answers and then write out the questions.
1.A: What_____________________________________?
B: I’ve got a pain in my back. I can’t turn over while in bed.
2. A: _________________________________________?
B: The doctor told me to take some medicine and have a rest.
3. A: ______________________________________________?
B: I had a sandwich, some salad and a glass of orange for lunch.
4. A: ______________________________________________?
B: No, it’s nothing serious. But you need a rest for several days.
5. A: ______________________________________________?
B: Take 2 of the red pills and 4 of the white pills each times. And I advise you not to drink water that isn’t boiled any more.
Step VI Discussion
The T give the Ss a topic to practise and divide them into four groups, After a few minutes, ask two students to play it in front of the class.
Someone has got a stomachache and does not feel like eating. The cause is that he likes eating cold food. The doctor gives him some medicine and tells him not to eat food that is cold.
Step VII Homework
Finish the Workbook exercises 1& 2 on page 29.
Preparation the next Lesson 58
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