介詞短語(yǔ)在句中分析與翻譯的實(shí)例02

21．Inability to build high-voltage generators and motors gives to the transformer immediate　recognition as a highly flexible link between the generation and distribution of electrical energy．

　　制造高壓發(fā)電機(jī)和高壓電動(dòng)機(jī)是不可能的，這就立即使人們認(rèn)識(shí)到變壓器是發(fā)電與配電之 間靈活性很高的中間環(huán)節(jié)�！�(本句是簡(jiǎn)單句。主語(yǔ)是inability，謂語(yǔ)是gives，賓語(yǔ)是recognition。不定式短語(yǔ)to build。．．motors作定語(yǔ)，修飾inability。give recognition to．．．a(chǎn)s．．·，“承認(rèn)……是……”。介詞短語(yǔ)between—．energy作定語(yǔ)，修飾link。)



22．The mildness of its climate，with slight temperature variations and infrequent rainfall，combined with a high average level of sunshine and brilliant shies，a11 make it idea for tourism　whether by winter or by summer．　　

　　宜人的氣候、變化不大的溫度、稀少的雨量、燦爛的陽(yáng)光以及明媚的天空，所有這一切使 突尼斯成為冬夏理想的旅游勝地。(with．．．和combined with把三個(gè)主語(yǔ)連接起來(lái)。all是總括詞，總括上述的三個(gè)主語(yǔ)。idea是it賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。it代替上文中Tunisia突尼斯。bywinter．．．這里by作“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”解。例：They don't work by day but by night．他們?nèi)臻g不工作，夜間工作。whether．．or，“不論是……還是”，用作連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列成分。)



　　23．We explain the differences between gases and liquids bysaying that the molecules in a liquid are not moving about so fredy as the molecules in a gas and are very much closer together．

液體分子不像氣體分子那樣能自由地到處運(yùn)動(dòng)，而是比較緊密地聚集在一起，我們以此來(lái)解釋氣體和液體之間的區(qū)別。(介詞短語(yǔ)by saying．．．作方式方法狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)explain。)



　　24．For about the last 200 years，the structural theory has been devdoped by scientists，mathematicians and engineers，with the very practical object of providing a reliable basis for the design of structures by calculation．

　　大約近200年來(lái)，科學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家和工程師們發(fā)展了結(jié)構(gòu)理論，其目的在于通過(guò)計(jì)算給結(jié)構(gòu)物的設(shè)計(jì)工作提供可靠的基礎(chǔ)�！�(with．．．obiect．．．for．．．是介詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，起目的狀語(yǔ)作用。)



　　25．By the quiet persistence of the truth-seekers，　working upstream against the flow of ancient prejudice，mankind has entered into new realm of health，and the borderlines of death have been　pressed farther back．

　　由于真理探索者頂著守舊派偏見(jiàn)的逆流，默默無(wú)聞、堅(jiān)持不懈地努力工作，人類才得以進(jìn) 入了新的健康王國(guó)，而死亡的界線則被拋到離我們更遠(yuǎn)的地方。(介詞短語(yǔ)By．．．truth-seekers用作原因狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hasentered。)　　



　　26．When a man picks up a weight from the floor and raises it above his head，　he has in effect　inserted his body between the weight and the earth and pushed the weight one way with his hands，and thee arth the other way with his feet．

　　當(dāng)一個(gè)人從地板上拿起重物并把它舉到頭頂上時(shí)，實(shí)際上他是把自己的身體置于重物與地 面之間，他用雙手朝著一個(gè)方向推著重物，而用雙腳朝著另一方向推著地面。(pick up，“拿起”。in effect，“實(shí)際上”。one way，“朝著一個(gè)方向”。the other way，"朝著另一方向”。這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)前均省略介詞in，作狀語(yǔ)。and與the earth之間省略了謂語(yǔ)pushed。)



　　27．But this is not possible because of the size of the country，with the distance from Dehli to Madras，for example，being greater than that from London to Rome．

　　但這是不可能的，因?yàn)橛《让娣e大，譬如，從德里到馬德拉斯的距離，就比倫敦到羅馬還 要遠(yuǎn)。(with，名詞+分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，可用作狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。句中with the distance．．。being用作定 語(yǔ)，對(duì)size進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。that from．．．that代替distance。)



　　28．Even at this moment many Of the earth's natural treasures are being destroyed，

manyvaluable animals and plants are been killed off，it is becoming increasingly difficult to grow enough　foods to preserve much of the earth's population from stavation．

　　甚至現(xiàn)在，地球上的許多自然財(cái)富正遭到破壞，許多珍稀動(dòng)植物已面臨滅絕之災(zāi)，為使地球上大多數(shù)人口免于饑餓而生產(chǎn)出足夠的糧食也越來(lái)越困難了。(to preserve．．．from，“使……免于”。)



　　29．If the Earth，Moon and Sun move into a direct line，with the Moon in the middle，the dark body of the Moon blots out the briliant disk of the Sun，and we witness a solar eslipse．

　　假如地球、月球和太陽(yáng)運(yùn)行到一條直線上，月球在中間，那么月球的暗體就遮住了太陽(yáng)的亮盤，于是我們便看到日食。(with the Moon in the middle是with引出的介詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。)



　　30．As natural science treats of the mutual transformation，changes and development of various kinds of matter，it is of great tmportance for us to make a profound study of it so that we may control the phenomena of nature．　

自于自然科學(xué)研究的是各種物質(zhì)的相互轉(zhuǎn)化、變化和發(fā)展，因而我們深入研究自然科學(xué)以便控制各種自然現(xiàn)象，這具有重大意義。(treat of．．，"論述”。帶邏輯主體for us的不定式短浯to make．．．nature作主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)。so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。be of．．，“具有”。)



　　31．With irrigation came surplus food，which meant that large numbers of people were freed trom the land to pursue nonagrarian specialities—technological development，scholarship for its　sake——and war。

　　隨著有了灌溉，糧食就有了剩余，這就意味著大批人就可解脫出來(lái)從事農(nóng)業(yè)以外的工作一發(fā)展工藝，研究其學(xué)問(wèn)——甚至參加戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)�！�(with．．．“隨著”，引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。

　With the approach of sunset it became chilly，come surplus food是倒裝語(yǔ)序，food是主語(yǔ)，came是謂語(yǔ)。which引導(dǎo)特種定語(yǔ)從句，指上句話。不定式to pursue．．。war有結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的意味。)



　　32．First of all，　Kepler found that each planet goes around the sun in a curve called an ellipse，with the sun at a focus of the ellipse·　　-

　　開(kāi)普勒首先發(fā)現(xiàn)了每個(gè)行星都以橢圓曲線繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)行，太陽(yáng)則位于橢圓的焦點(diǎn)。(with the　sun at，．．為介詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。)　



　33．It should be noted that a rocket does not depend on the atmosphere for its propulsion，but would actually perform better in the absence of an atmosphere becauseOf lessened air resistance．

　　應(yīng)該注意，火箭的推力與大氣無(wú)關(guān)，在沒(méi)有大氣的情況下，由于空氣阻力減小，火箭實(shí)際上會(huì)運(yùn)行得更好。(in the absence of anatmosphere含有虛擬條件的意味。)



　　34．Electrical power is always carried over long distances as a high-tension current at low-currentstrength．It is also sent as an alternating current，for such current is comparatively easily transformed eitherup ordown in voltage．

　　電力總是以高電壓低電流的方式進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)距離輸送的，又是以交流電的形式送電的，因?yàn)檫@種交流電易于升壓或降壓。(兩個(gè)as構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)都用作方式方法狀語(yǔ)，分別說(shuō)明iscarried和issent。)



　35．When one considers the immense change in the size and reliability of computers and all other electronic devices that has taken place，it is clean that computers for doing this type of control of movement according to sense impression will certainly be available．

　　當(dāng)我們考慮到計(jì)算機(jī)和其他所有電子器件在尺寸和可靠性方面所發(fā)生的極大變化時(shí)，就不難明白，根據(jù)感覺(jué)進(jìn)行這類活動(dòng)控制的計(jì)算機(jī)一定會(huì)出現(xiàn)。(for．．．movement是computers的定語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)according to sense impression作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)名詞doing。)

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