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What is it made of
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
教學(xué)目標(biāo)與要點(diǎn)
1.能理解和運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),用被動(dòng)語態(tài)來表達(dá)不方便、不必要出現(xiàn)主語的意思。
2.認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)“English is widely used”,理解學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要性,端正自己的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度。
3.掌握主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別、用法,牢記被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成,能進(jìn)行主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的互換。
4.掌握本單元的詞匯,特別是短語be made of/ from / into, be used for/ as/ by等的用法。
5.掌握動(dòng)詞grow, produce, made與主語的習(xí)慣搭配。如:
tea — grow, salt — produce, trains — made等。
本單元短語和交際用語
1. 短語和詞組
be made of… 用……做的
be used for doing … 被用來做……
keep warm 保暖
the largest number of ……的最大數(shù)量
in the modern world 在現(xiàn)代世界
be used as… 被當(dāng)作……使用
all over/ around the world 全世界
buy something from… 以……買進(jìn)……
sell something to… 把……賣給……
none of… …… 。ㄈ齻(gè)以上)沒有一個(gè)
made a telephone all to 給……打電話
That’s why… 那就是……的原因
2. 日常交際用語
1)關(guān)于“購物”的用語:
I’d like to buy… 我想買
OK. I’ll take this one. 好的,我就買這個(gè)。
2)表示“作用”的用語:
What’s it used for? 它是作什么用的?
It’s used for..? 它是用來……
3)關(guān)于“物品的制作、產(chǎn)地和語言的應(yīng)用”用語:
What’s it made of? 它是由什么制成的?
It’s made of… 它是由……
Where’s it produced? 它是在哪兒生產(chǎn)的?
It’s produced in… 它是在……生產(chǎn)的。
What’s this called in English? 用英語這叫什么?
It’s … 它叫……
English is widely used for business/… 英語被廣泛地運(yùn)用于商業(yè)或……
教學(xué)建議
教材內(nèi)容分析
本單元通過談?wù)撐锲返闹谱、產(chǎn)生、用途等,以對(duì)話的形式引出了本單元要學(xué)習(xí)的語法項(xiàng)目 — 被動(dòng)語態(tài)。著重講述了被動(dòng)語態(tài)與主動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系,主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換以及被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成。課文“English is widely used”使學(xué)生了解了英語在國際交往中的重要作用和我們?yōu)槭裁匆?strong>學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要性,以此來觸動(dòng)學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)英語的主動(dòng)性和積極性。
本單元重點(diǎn)例句及相關(guān)知識(shí)的講解
1. What’s it made of?
它是用什么做的?
◆be made of意思是“由……制成”,介詞of所指的原材料一般是未經(jīng)變化,仍可看出材料的。例如:
The desk is made of wood. This bridge is made of stone.
課桌是用木頭做的。橋是石頭造的。
◆be made from意思也是“由……制成”,但介詞from所指的原材料往往是經(jīng)過變化,已看不出原材料的。例如:
Paper is made from wood. The wine is made from rice.
紙是用木頭做的。酒是由稻谷制成的。
◆be made in意思是“由(什么地方)生產(chǎn)的”,表示某一物品在某地生產(chǎn)或制成,in后面接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。例如:
This kind of bike is made in Japan. China is mostly made in China.
這種自行車是日本生產(chǎn)的。瓷器主要產(chǎn)生中國。
2. What’s it used for?
它是用來干什么的?
◆be used for doing sth. 意思是“被用來做……”。這是一個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),介詞for表示“用途”,后面跟動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。
Metal is used for making machines. Pens are used for writing.
金屬被用來造機(jī)器。鋼筆被用來寫字。
◆be used as意思是“把……當(dāng)做……用!崩纾
The computer can be used as a tool. English is used as a very useful working language.
計(jì)算機(jī)可以被當(dāng)作工具用。英語被用作一種非常有用的工作語言。
◆be used by意思是“被(某人)使用”的意思,by后接動(dòng)詞“use”的執(zhí)行者。例如:
The recorder is used in class by teachers.
錄音機(jī)被老師們上課時(shí)使用。
巧譯“用”字:
在英語中,with, by, at, in四個(gè)詞都可表“用”,怎么用?
with有形,by手段。
語言聲音in在前,價(jià)格速度at選。
eg: with a pen/by bus/in English/at 5 yuan.
3. Which language is spoken by the largest number of people in the world?
世界上使用人數(shù)最多的語言是哪一種?
the number of…指數(shù)量,后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,它的中心詞是number, 當(dāng)the number of…作主語時(shí),可當(dāng)作單數(shù)形式使用,謂語動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)形式;a number of意思是“許多,大量的”,相當(dāng)于many,后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,它的中心詞是它后面的名詞,故作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
The number of students in our school is over 800.
我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)量超過了800。
A number of people go into the park every day.
每天都有許多人進(jìn)這個(gè)公園。
4. Look at something else.
看一些其他的東西。
something else意思是“其他的東西”。else是副詞,意思是“其他的”,通常和不定代詞或疑問詞連用,放在這些詞的后面。例如:
I don’t think there is anything else we need to buy.
我想我們沒有什么東西要買了。
Whom else do you want to talk with?
你還想和誰談話?
What else do you want to say?
你還有什么想說的?
注意:Other也表示“其他的”,但other通常用來修飾名詞,放在被修飾名詞的前面。
例如:
Do you have any other question to ask?
你還有什么別的問題要問嗎?
I have some other things to say. = I have something else to say.
我還有一些話要說。
5. English is the first language in none of these countries.
英語在這些國家中都不是第一語言。
none of…“(……中)一個(gè)都不”,of后通常接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示“(三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物中)沒有一個(gè)……”的意思。none of…結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),謂語不能用否定形式,謂語可以是單數(shù)形式,也可以是復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
None of us know / knows the old man.
我們中沒有一個(gè)人認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)老人。
None of them is/ are English.
他們當(dāng)中沒有人是英國人。
注意:none of…表示全部否定,not all…表示部分否定,no one (nobody)只指人,不指物,作主語時(shí)視作單數(shù)。如果要否定兩者用neither, 不用none of。例如:
No one knows the new comer.
沒有人認(rèn)識(shí)那新來的。
Neither of my parents is a doctor.
我父母都不是醫(yī)生。
Not all of us like eggs.
我們中不是所有的人都喜歡吃雞蛋。
6. It is because in the modern world, English is widely used for business between different countries.
它是因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)代世界里,英語在國家之間的商業(yè)事務(wù)中得到非常廣泛的應(yīng)用。
because引導(dǎo)的是表語從句,表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞還有why, what, if (whether)等。例如:
That is why she is so happy.
那就是她為什么如此高興的原因。
This is what they want.
這正是他們所要的。
The question is whether we can arrive there in time.
問題是我們能否及時(shí)到達(dá)那兒。
7. When a German buys something from a Japanese, or an Indian sells something to a Frenchman, they often use English.
當(dāng)一個(gè)德國人從一個(gè)日本人那兒買東西,或者一個(gè)印度人把東西賣給一個(gè)法國人時(shí),他們常使用英語。
German, Japanese, Indian, Frenchman分別表示四個(gè)國家的名詞,現(xiàn)將我們學(xué)過的國名和國家的名詞歸納如下:
China Chinese(中文) a Chinese(國人單數(shù)) Chinese(復(fù)數(shù))
America an American Americans
Canada a Canadian Canadians
England an Englishman Englishmen
France a Frenchman Frenchmen
India an Indian Indians
Russia a Russian Russians
Italy an Italian Italians
Australia an Australian Australians
Germany an German Germans
Japan a Japanese Japanese
8. Three quarters of the world’s books and newspapers are written in English.
世界上有四分之三的書報(bào)是用英語寫的。
three quarters of … 四分之三的……
quarter為“四分之一”的意思,three quarters即為“四分之三”。three quarters of…或a quarter of…結(jié)構(gòu)中of后的名詞可為可數(shù)名詞,也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。當(dāng)他們作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由of后所跟名詞的形式來決定。例如:
A quarter of the apple is bad.
這個(gè)蘋果的四分之一壞了。
Three quarters of the students are Chinese.
四分之三的學(xué)生是中國人。
注意:英語中分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法為:分子是基數(shù)詞,分母是序數(shù)詞,分子是2以及以上時(shí),分母變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。例如:
Two thirds of the workers in our factory are young people.
我們?nèi)种墓と耸悄贻p人。
One thirds of the water is dirty.
三分之一的水臟了。
巧記序數(shù)詞的方法
一二三變字體,th從四上起。
用f變ve,八加h九去e。
遇見ty變ti,切記th前有e。
eg: first, second, third, fourth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth
9. It is used by travellers and business people all over the world.
英語被全世界的旅游者和商業(yè)人員使用。
all over the world 全世界 它還有幾種表示法:around the world, through- out the world, (all) round the world, (all) the world over. 此外in the world強(qiáng)調(diào)在全球范圍內(nèi)。另外:all over意思是“遍布,到處”。
例如:
He was wet all over.
他渾身上下全濕了。
The water is all over the field.
田地里到處都是水。
He has traveled all over Europe.
他已經(jīng)游遍了歐洲。
10. I can’t afford it.
我買不起。
afford為動(dòng)詞,表示“有經(jīng)濟(jì)條件做某事”(常和can這類詞連用。)例如:
In those days, they couldn’t afford to call in a doctor.
那時(shí)候他們請(qǐng)不起大夫。
At last we are able to afford a house.
我們終于能買得起一所住宅了。
主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)
1.在英語中,動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài),即主動(dòng)語態(tài)(The Active Voice)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(The Passive Voice)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。實(shí)際上被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語是由主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語轉(zhuǎn)變而來的,因此這個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞。被動(dòng)語態(tài)是由助動(dòng)詞be + 過去分詞構(gòu)成,當(dāng)然,被動(dòng)語態(tài)也有多種時(shí)態(tài),它的時(shí)態(tài)變化都體現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞be上,后面的過去分詞不變。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者可由by引出,往往放在句末。如不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),可省略不用。
例如:
Many people speak English. (主動(dòng)語態(tài))
English is spoken by many people. (被動(dòng)語態(tài))
2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:當(dāng)謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候,被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be (am, is, are) + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞“be”隨人稱、數(shù)的變化而改變。例如:
This knife is made of wood and metal.
Bananas are produced in Hainan.
I am taken care of by my uncle.
3.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法:當(dāng)說話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),只需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,要求使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如果需要在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)由介詞by引導(dǎo)。
Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.
中文是全世界被最多人口所講的語言。
4.主動(dòng)語態(tài)改寫成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法:將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變成主語,將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語變成被動(dòng)式be + 過去分詞,主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)句中by的賓語(或省略)。如果主動(dòng)語態(tài)中有兩個(gè)賓語(直接賓語或間接賓語),可以把其中任意一個(gè)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。例如:
Most middle school students play football.
主語 謂語 賓語
Football is played by most middle school students.
My teacher gives me a lot of book.(主動(dòng)語態(tài))
主語 謂語 間賓 直賓
被動(dòng)語態(tài):I am given a lost of books by my teacher.
被動(dòng)語態(tài):A lot of books are given to me by my teacher.
5.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的疑問形式:
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的疑問句形式是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上,把be動(dòng)詞提到句首,句末加問號(hào)構(gòu)成的。如:
Is the kite made by Xiao Ming?
這個(gè)風(fēng)箏是小明做的嗎?
其肯定回答和否定回答分別為:
Yes, it is. 是的,它是。
No, it isn’t. 不,不是。
6.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定形式:
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定形式是在肯定句中的系動(dòng)詞后加not構(gòu)成的。例如:
The cake isn’t made by his mother.
蛋糕不是他媽媽做的。
本單元有關(guān)聽說讀寫的教學(xué)建議
◆有關(guān)聽說方面
在本單元的聽說訓(xùn)練中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意結(jié)合本單元的語法教學(xué)活動(dòng),本單元的語法教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)是有關(guān)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法,而被動(dòng)語態(tài)是初中英語語法教學(xué)中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn),學(xué)生掌握起來有一定的難度。如果我們?cè)诮虒W(xué)的過程中只是一味的講授語法知識(shí),則顯得既枯燥乏味,教學(xué)效果可能會(huì)事倍功半。因此,我們有必要改換一下思路,從口語聽說入手,這樣效果也許會(huì)好一些。例如:教師在上課之前可以用一副地圖,在地圖上標(biāo)明一些物品的名稱和產(chǎn)地。然后向?qū)W生提問:
Where is …produced/made?
Is …made/produced in…(地名)?
然后引導(dǎo)學(xué)生之間相互問答,然后派學(xué)生代表到教室前面來,擔(dān)任老師的角色,向任意的一位同學(xué)發(fā)問,看誰的反應(yīng)最快。
◆有關(guān)讀寫方面
本單元的國家的名稱較多,教師可以運(yùn)用地圖進(jìn)行教學(xué),上課時(shí),教師用一張世界地圖,然后對(duì)著世界地圖和學(xué)生一起來學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)的國家名稱和相關(guān)的知識(shí)。如教師指著地圖說:
S: what country is this?
T: It is Japan.
S: The people in this country are……
T: (學(xué)生自然心領(lǐng)神會(huì)) The people in this country are Japanese.
S:…
然后學(xué)生之間相互問答,最后每個(gè)小組派出一名代表,在班內(nèi)開展競賽看哪組的反映速度最快。
關(guān)于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的教學(xué)建議
本單元所要學(xué)習(xí)的語法項(xiàng)目是被動(dòng)語態(tài),也是本單元的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)。對(duì)學(xué)生來說,被動(dòng)語態(tài)雖然是一個(gè)全新的語法項(xiàng)目,但是通過本單元前三課的演示和操練,學(xué)生對(duì)被動(dòng)語態(tài)會(huì)有初步的認(rèn)識(shí)和了解,教師可指導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己歸納被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞的基本結(jié)構(gòu),區(qū)別主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的不同,掌握將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的基本技能。具體做法如下:
1.教師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意觀察第34和35課這兩課中的句型的謂語動(dòng)詞,由學(xué)生歸納出其謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)為: is或are +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。然后教師對(duì)學(xué)生說明:is和are在這里是助動(dòng)詞,與過去分詞一起構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。接著教師進(jìn)一步說明助動(dòng)詞is和are是be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),由此啟發(fā)學(xué)生歸納出被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞的基本結(jié)構(gòu):助動(dòng)詞be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。教師將這一基本結(jié)構(gòu)寫在黑板上,并指導(dǎo)學(xué)生用其一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的形式組句。如:
1) tea, grow, in Fujian (Tea is grown in Fujian. )
2) silk, produce, in Hangzhou
3) cars, make, in Beijing
4) English, speak, in Australia
5 ) glass, produce in Germany
6) ships, make, in Japan
教師可利用投影片指導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行口頭的組句操練,也可讓學(xué)生寫在作業(yè)本上,做筆頭的組句練習(xí)。在操練過程中,提醒學(xué)生注意主謂的一致。
2.在學(xué)生掌握了被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞的基本結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上,教師可引導(dǎo)學(xué)生區(qū)別主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的不同之處。教師可先板書“Workers make cars”, 啟發(fā)學(xué)生指出謂語動(dòng)詞(make)的執(zhí)行者(workers)和承受者(cars),然后將其改為“Cars are made by workers.”教師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生仔細(xì)觀察這兩個(gè)句子的不同之處。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生得出如下結(jié)論:謂語動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)語態(tài) (make);謂語動(dòng)詞的承受者作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)語態(tài) (be made)。為了幫助學(xué)生掌握和鞏固這一基本概念,教師可再舉若干例子,如:Farmers grow rice. People plant trees. Americans speak English. 等,先讓學(xué)生將其變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài),然后指導(dǎo)學(xué)生分組討論指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者和承受者,說出兩種語態(tài)的不同之處。
3.增設(shè)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的練習(xí),訓(xùn)練學(xué)生作出快速準(zhǔn)確的反應(yīng),使學(xué)生掌握這一句型變換的基本規(guī)律,以利于學(xué)生進(jìn)一步掌握被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。教師口頭說出主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子(They plant trees),學(xué)生立即作出口頭反應(yīng)(Trees are planted by them. ) 教師還可利用投影儀或黑板,提供若干句子,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生操練。如:They produce machines in Shanghai, (cars, bikes, ships, pens, paper, glass, silk, sugar ... ) They make this kind of watch in China, (car, bike, TV set, radio, lock ... ) They grow tea in the south (north). (wheat, corn, rice, cotton, apples, pears, flowers, vegetables . . . )
教師還可利用以上練習(xí)組織學(xué)生分組 (豎排)競賽。教師指導(dǎo)一、三、五組的學(xué)生說出主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子,二、四、六組的學(xué)生立刻將其變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài),從每組第一個(gè)學(xué)生開始,依次練到每組最后一個(gè)學(xué)生;然后再由二、四、六組的學(xué)生說主動(dòng)語態(tài),一、三、五組的學(xué)生將其變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。如果某組中某個(gè)學(xué)生說錯(cuò),必須待其自己糾正后該組方可繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。最后由教師評(píng)定,哪一組進(jìn)行得最快最準(zhǔn)確。
4.教師應(yīng)對(duì)學(xué)生講明被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主要用法:
1)當(dāng)我們不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是準(zhǔn),或者動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰并不重要時(shí),需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:
Rice is grown in North China.
2)當(dāng)我們需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:
This knife is used for cutting paper.
教師還必須提醒學(xué)生注意:不及物動(dòng)詞通常不能構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
關(guān)于be made of 結(jié)構(gòu)的教學(xué)建議
l.make這個(gè)動(dòng)詞使用頻率很高,教師只需做出幾次演示,學(xué)生便可理解 “be made of”的意義。教師可直接利用教室內(nèi)的東西做演示,也可自備若干實(shí)物,如帽子,茶杯,小刀等。教師可先做如下演示:This is a desk. It is made of wood. This is a blackboard. It is made of glass This is a knife. It made of metal. 教師邊說邊在黑板上板書這三個(gè)帶被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子,并指導(dǎo)學(xué)生做適當(dāng)操練。然后教師指著課桌問:Is it made of wood? 學(xué)生回答:Yes,it is. 照此方法將黑板上的三個(gè)句子都變成一般疑問句。在學(xué)生理解的基礎(chǔ)上,教師可指導(dǎo)學(xué)生操練黑板上的句型,還可在黑板的右側(cè)列出一些替換單詞,如:bed, mirror, fridge, jacket, stocking, bottle, lock以及原材料wool, cotton, paper, silk, plastics等。
2.待學(xué)生理解和掌握黑板上的主要兩個(gè)句型(It is made of…和Is it made of…?)后,教師指著課桌問:Is it made of glass? 學(xué)生回答:No,it isn’t. 教師馬上接著問:What’s it made of? 同時(shí)將這個(gè)特殊疑問句寫在黑板上,可讓學(xué)生自己理解此句的含義,并啟發(fā)學(xué)生回答:It’s made of wood. 照此方法將黑板上的三個(gè)一般疑問句改為特殊疑問句,然后教師可利用黑板上已有的替換單詞,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生練習(xí)這個(gè)句型。
3.設(shè)置情景,增加練習(xí)。教師可將所學(xué)日常交際用語和本課所學(xué)的新句型結(jié)合起來編成對(duì)話 (或啟發(fā)學(xué)生自己編對(duì)話),練習(xí)本課新學(xué)的句型。如:
A: Good morning! What can I do for you?
B: I’d like a blue hat.
A: Certainly. Here it is.
B: Is it made of cotton?
A: No, it isn't.
B: What's it made of?
A: It's made of wool.
B: It looks nice. But I prefer a cotton one.
A: What about this one? It's made of cotton.
B: That's fine. I'll take it. How much is it? (Thank you.)
教師可利用黑板上的替換詞或已備的實(shí)物,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生演練對(duì)話,也可讓學(xué)生到講臺(tái)前表演。
4.教師可用同樣方法教學(xué)be used for結(jié)構(gòu),即由肯定句過渡到一般疑問句,再由一般疑問句過渡到特殊疑問句。如:This is a blackboard. It is used for teaching and studying.Is it used for teaching and studying? Yes, it is. Is it used for playing? No, it isn’t. What’s it used for? 教師將這三個(gè)新句型寫在黑板上,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用黑板上的替換詞分組 (in pairs)操練。教師還可將這三個(gè)帶被動(dòng)語態(tài)的新句型編成對(duì)話,利用所準(zhǔn)備的實(shí)物或畫片,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行練習(xí)。如:
A: Look at this fridge. What do you think of it? I bought it yesterday.
B: Oh, it looks fine. What's it made of?
A: It's made of metal.
B: Is it used for keeping fruit?
A: No, it isn't.
B: What's it used for?
A: It's used for keeping meat and vegetables.
最后,教師在歸納總結(jié)其用法時(shí),可用紅粉筆將黑板上該句型中介詞for后的動(dòng)詞形式(-ing) 描紅或畫線,強(qiáng)調(diào)介詞for后的動(dòng)詞必須是動(dòng)詞 (-ing)形式。
關(guān)于Where is it made (produced)?的教學(xué)建議
1.在課前準(zhǔn)備若干實(shí)物 (如手表,鋼筆,收音機(jī),錄音機(jī)等),還可準(zhǔn)備若干圖片(如冰箱,電視,火車,飛機(jī)等)。教師可用be made of這一結(jié)構(gòu)(學(xué)生已基本上掌握),先做如下演示:This is a car. (指圖片)問學(xué)生:What’s it made of? 學(xué)生回答:It’s made of metal. 教師可接著問: Where’s it made? 教師先自答:It’s made in China. 然后將這兩個(gè)句子寫在黑板上。接著可利用所準(zhǔn)備的實(shí)物和圖片讓部分學(xué)生配合教師演示。還可在黑板的右邊寫出若干替換詞 (如watch,fridge, radio, train, plane及國名Japan,Germany,Canada,F(xiàn)rance,America,Britain, Australia等),指導(dǎo)學(xué)生用所給替換詞分組 (in pairs)操練。
2.在學(xué)生基本上理解和掌握 “Where’s it made? It’s made in…” 之后,教師可換用表示名詞復(fù)數(shù)的圖片問學(xué)生:What’re these? 學(xué)生回答:They’re cars. 教師接著問: Where’re these cars made? 教師可先自答:They're made in Japan. 教師邊自問自答,邊將這一句型寫在黑板上,并邊問學(xué)生邊將黑板上的替換詞 (指表示實(shí)物的普通名詞)改成復(fù)數(shù)形式,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生分組操練這兩個(gè)句型。稍加操練之后,教師用produced替換made,將句子改成 “Where're these cars produced? They’re produced in Japan. 領(lǐng)讀幾遍后,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用黑板上的替換詞分組操練。教師可在黑板上增加替換詞如salt,sugar,silk,tea等,供學(xué)生操練用。
3.教師可在課前準(zhǔn)備一幅中國地圖,用不干膠紙寫上地名貼在地圖上。教師可將地圖掛在黑板左邊,并在黑板的中間部分板書所操練的句型:
教師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生用黑板右邊的替換詞,指著地圖上的地名,操練這兩組句型。如:Where’s silk produced? It is produced in Hangzhou. Where' re trucks made? They're made in Changchun. 教師可先叫部分學(xué)生配合演示,然后教師問,全班學(xué)生回答,還可叫學(xué)生(兩人一組)到講臺(tái)上表演。
教師還可進(jìn)一步在黑板上的句型中加上動(dòng)詞grown,并在黑板的右邊加替換詞rice,wheat,cotton,tea,apples,pears,bananas等,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用掛圖操練。如:Where's rice grown?
It’s grown in South China. Where're apples grown? They're grown in Shandong. 在學(xué)生理解和掌握這個(gè)句型后,教師指導(dǎo)全班學(xué)生利用課本第63頁上的地圖分組操練黑板上的句型。
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)示例
Lesson 33
Period: The First Period
Content: Lesson 33
Properties: Recorder; Objects
Teaching Objectives:
1. Let the students learn some new words.
2. Enable the students to master the Active and Passive Voices.
3. Master some useful expressions.
Language Focus:
1. Some useful expressions:
be made of, be used for, etc.
Teaching Procedures:
I. Organizing the class.
Greetings
II. Revision
Cheek homework
III. Presentation
Show the students the real objects, and ask students some questions. The questions are:
1. What’s this in English?
2. What’s it made of?
3. What’s it used for?
Teach the students the knowledge of this part through speaking. Try to answer the three questions. Help them really understand this lesson.
IV. Practice
Ask some students to use the Objects in the class and practise the sentence patterns:
1. What’s this in English?
2. What’s it made of?
3. What’s it used for?
Then practise in groups and in pairs.
V. Teaching grammar
At first, tell the students the grammar:
The Active and Passive Voice.
Then, give some examples, e. g.
1. Many people speak English.
English is spoken by many people.
2. Tom likes swimming.
Swimming is liked by Tom.
Tell the students the Passive Voice structure. And ask the students to make some sentences and change them into Passive Voice.
VI. Practice
Practice the useful expressions: be made of and be used for in groups and in pairs.
VII. Workbook
Ask the students to open their books, look at Exercise 1 and ask them do it in pairs.
Exercise 2. Look at these pictures and use the sentences to made sentences.
VIII. Exercise in class
Fill in the blank with the right verb forms.
1. Wood can be used for _________ (make) tables.
2. The jacket is __________ (make) of cotton.
3. Where are Oranges _________ (grow)?
4. English is__________ (speak) all over the world.
5. Knives are used for ___________ (cut) things.
6. Trees are _________ (plant) in spring.
IX. Homework.
1. Revise the new words and expressions.
2. Do Exercise 3 in Workbook.
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)示例
Lesson 34
Period: The second Period
Content: Lesson 34
Properties: Recorders
Teaching Objectives:
1. Get the students to understand the text.
2. Learn how to use the useful words and expressions.
Language Focus:
The useful words and expressions the number of; the most; else; none
Teaching Procedures:
I. Organizing
Greetings and make a duty report.
II. Revision
1. Check the homework
2. Go over the words and expressions.
III. Pre – reading
Get the students to work in pairs to discuss the questions. Then talk about together in class.
IV. Presentation
Ask the students to look at Exercise 1 in the workbook.
V. Reading
1. Close books and listen to the tape.
2. Answer the questions in the exercise 1.
3. Reading the text in groups and in pairs.
V. Teaching Language Focus.
Choose some important ones to explain and practise.
1. the number of
2. the most
3. else
VI. Reading and practice
Play the tape and ask the students to listen first. Then play the tape again, ask them to repeat sentence by sentence.
VII. Workbook
For Exercise 2, ask the students to pay attention to the letters in boldface.
Do Exercise 3.
VIII. Exercise in class.
Fill in the blanks with the right forms.
1. Those _________ (Japan) will travel to American.
2. English is the most ________ (wide) spoken in the world.
3. Is Bill from ________ (French) or Japan?
4. You will find it__________ (use) after you graduate from school.
5. Beijing people are ________ to the world. (friend)
IX. Homework
1. Do Exercise 4 in the workbook.
2. Read the passage carefully.
探究活動(dòng)
我國的物產(chǎn)
讓學(xué)生根據(jù)第35課的圖片和課堂對(duì)話練習(xí),運(yùn)用所學(xué)過的被動(dòng)語態(tài)來寫一篇短文,例如介紹一下我國的rice, wheat ,cotton, corn, apples, oranges, tea leaves sugar 等等物品的產(chǎn)地情況。
默寫比賽
讓學(xué)生將所學(xué)過的國家名稱,以及相關(guān)的形容詞,語言名詞總結(jié)一下。然后在班內(nèi)進(jìn)行一次默寫比賽。如:
國家和語言
America 美國,美洲
Arab 阿拉伯人
Australia 澳洲,澳大利亞
Austria 奧地利
Britain 英國
Canada 加拿大
China 中國
Egypt 埃及
England 英國
France 法國
Germany 德國
Greece 希臘
Holland 荷蘭
India 印度
Ireland 愛爾蘭
Italy 意大利
Japan 日本
Spain 西班牙
Sweden 瑞典
Swiss 瑞士人
Switzerland 瑞士
Brazil 巴西
Finland 芬蘭
Norway 挪威
Russia 俄國
Belgium 比利時(shí)
Arabic 阿拉伯語
Chinese 中國人,漢語
Egyptian 埃及人
English 英語
French 法國人,法文
German 德國人,德語
Greek 希臘人,希臘文
Irish 愛爾蘭人,愛爾蘭語
Italian 意大利人,意大利語
Japanese 日本人,日文
Spanish 西班牙人,西班牙語
Dutch 荷蘭人,荷蘭語
互相聽寫被動(dòng)語態(tài)
讓學(xué)生將本單元課文中出現(xiàn)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子挑選出來,至少每人挑選20個(gè)句子。然后分兩組,每組都將句子整理好。進(jìn)行一次聽寫比賽。一組念句子,另一組進(jìn)行聽寫?纯茨慕M的成績好。
The study of languages
根據(jù)本單元所學(xué)的英語語言被廣泛應(yīng)用,組織學(xué)生討論如何學(xué)好英語,以及在實(shí)際中可以互相借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。每人寫一篇學(xué)習(xí)英語的心得體會(huì),題目為The study of languages
范文:
The study of languages
There are about one thousand five hundred languages in the world. English is one of the most important languages because so many people use it, not only in England and America, but also in other countries of the world. It is difficult to say how many people are learning it. Millions of boys and girls are trying to do so.
Many English children study French. French is also a very important language. Some children study German, Russian, Japanese and Chinese.
Which is the best way to learn a foreign language? We know that we all learned our own language well when we were children. If we learn a second language in the same way, it won't seem so difficult. How does a small child hear his mother tongue? He listens to what people say, and he tries to guess what he hears. When he wants something, he has to ask for it, and he is using the language, thinking in it and talking in it all the time. If people use a second language all the time, they will learn it quickly.
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