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八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)第二單元How do you come to school?
章節(jié) 第二單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
本單元主要內(nèi)容：（一）復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；（二）專有名詞的使用；（三）生詞及習(xí)語(yǔ)。本單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)多而雜，但都很重要，而交際部分與日常生活比較密切，因此，應(yīng)多創(chuàng)設(shè)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。在課堂上，應(yīng)以對(duì)話、問(wèn)話為主。每講一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)時(shí)，應(yīng)配合一個(gè)例子，測(cè)試學(xué)生的反應(yīng)力、接受力及創(chuàng)造力。使學(xué)生在語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中，領(lǐng)悟到語(yǔ)言的功用及魅力。
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
根據(jù)本單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)多實(shí)用性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)，應(yīng)多用舉例法和聯(lián)想法激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣。
（一）本單元難點(diǎn)：1.復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2.專有名詞的使用。3.新詞匯及習(xí)語(yǔ)的記憶4.本單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
(1)How
much
…can you…？
many
例如：①How many birds can you see?
②How much fish can you catch?
（2）go (come)+by car /train /bike /bus
go (come)+in a car/in his car.
例如：①They go to The Great Wall by train.
②We come here in my car.
(3)go (come)+on foot (一種動(dòng)作)
be+on foot (一種狀態(tài))
例如：We go to the zoo on foot .
（4）Walk to+名詞
Walk+副詞（不用to）
例如： ①Let\'s walk to the clothes factory.
②It isn\'t too far .Let\'s walk there.
(5)句型對(duì)比：
①I usually come to school by bus.
But today
I on foot （×）
I\'m on foot （√）
②How does your father
go to work?（√）
go to his factory?（√）
go to there?（×）
③How many students usually come to school
by their bikes?（×）
on their foot ?（×）
by bus ?（√）
(6)關(guān)于have的含義:
①have supper吃晚飯;②have lessons上課。
例如：
We have supper at 7:30 every day.
How many lessons do you have today?
（二）解決難點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵:結(jié)合本課知識(shí)點(diǎn)多而雜的特點(diǎn)，要通過(guò)各種簡(jiǎn)單易懂的例子，使學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下模仿例子，然后讓學(xué)生造出新的例句。
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
為了幫助學(xué)生鞏固本單元所學(xué)知識(shí),精選以下幾道不同類型的題目,僅供參考。
1.How______do you want ? Ten kilos.
A.much rice B.many rice C.much rices D.heavy rice
【提示】四個(gè)選項(xiàng)很接近，關(guān)鍵要明確rice是不可數(shù)名詞,這樣答案就不難選了。
【答案】A
2、_______moon goes around the earth ,and the earth goes around_______sun .
A、The…不填 B.不填…the C.不填…不填 D.The…the
【提示】定冠詞the用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二或被視為整體的東西的名詞前。例如： the sun,
the moon， the earth， the sea，the land，the sky， the weather。
【答案】D
3、Open the window!_______is nice and clean.
A、Today air B.Air of today C.Air today D.The air today
【提示】 today作后置定語(yǔ)修飾air , air前要加定冠詞the.
【擴(kuò)展】The air today is nice and clean.意思是:今天的空氣非常／很清新。英語(yǔ)nice and和good and同樣是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，用在形容詞之前加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,其含義是very (很、非常),實(shí)際上就是一個(gè)偏正結(jié)構(gòu),nice and對(duì)后面的形容詞起了修飾作用。
例如： I was good and hungry.我當(dāng)時(shí)很餓。
【答案】D
4.We often_______(clean )our classroom after school.
【提示】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性和習(xí)慣性的現(xiàn)時(shí)行為。當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)為除第三人稱單數(shù)外的其他人稱時(shí)（一、二人稱單數(shù)及復(fù)數(shù)各人稱），一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成為動(dòng)詞原形。由于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)所表現(xiàn)的是現(xiàn)時(shí)行為的三性（經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性和習(xí)慣性），所以常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：often，sometimes， every，usually，always， normally等。
【答案】clean
5.Who_______(watch)TV every day? Do you know?
【提示】首先看時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，判定是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。然后，判定用watch還是watches,在不知道是誰(shuí)的情況下，一律用單數(shù)。
【答案】watches
6.What time do the students have lunch?(用Tom改句子)
【提示】完成本題關(guān)鍵在于要明確一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：
①主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)；
②當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一、二人稱或復(fù)數(shù)人稱時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不變；
③當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)第三人稱時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要變化（+s或es），如變此句為一般疑問(wèn)句用does，然后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞恢復(fù)原形。
【答案】What time does Tom have lunch?
7.“_______do they get there?”“By air.”
A、What B. Where C. How D. Which
【提示】By air意思是by plane，譯作乘飛機(jī)。對(duì)by air進(jìn)行提問(wèn),在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C是對(duì)的。
【答案】C
【妙文賞析】
I Get an A in Maths
Mr Brown was born in a poor family .He couldn\'t go to school when he was young. Now he\'s a porter (搬運(yùn)工)and works at a station. He doesn\'t think it\'s necessary (必要的)to know some knowledge(知識(shí))of science .His son, Bill, began to go to school last year. The boy likes nothing except playing. He doesn\'t listen to the teachers in class and can\'t do his homework after class. It\'s the hardest thing for him do maths exercises .And he wents to drop it .
Last evening, Mrs Brown heard Bill crying in the next room ,while she and her husbend were watehing TV. She came up to him and asked,“what\'s the matter, Bill?”
“I can\'t do my maths homework,”said the women.“Maybe your father can help you.”
Then she asked her husband to help their son with his maths. Mr Brow said,“but I don\'t know maths, either.”
“It doesn\'t matter,” said his wife .“You\'ll only coax him out of crying .”
Mr Brow had to do as his wife said. The next afternoon Bill came back and showed his exercise-book to his father. The man had a look at it and shouted to his wife,“ come here quickly ,dear ! I got an A in maths!”
【思路點(diǎn)撥】
1.第一句就告訴讀者，Mr Brown was born in a poor family ,接下來(lái)講，He couldn\'t go to school .就是說(shuō)Mr Brown未能上學(xué)是因?yàn)樗揖池毢?
2、在文章中指出：The boy likes nothing except playing,這就是他無(wú)法完成作業(yè)的最主要原因。
3、Their son, Bill ,began to go to school last year.從這句話可以看出Bill還不到十歲，像這么大的孩子，哭泣大都是為了一些小事。
為了幫助學(xué)生更好地理解本篇文章，可設(shè)計(jì)三個(gè)問(wèn)題：
1.Which of the following is true?
A. Mr Brown was going to be a porter when he was young.
B. Mr Brown\'s parents were too poor to send him to school.
C. Mr Brown wasn\'t interested in science when he was young.
D. There was no school in Mr Brown\'s home town .
2.Bill can\'t do his homework because _______.
A、his father wouldn\'t help him
B、he doesn\'t listen to his teachers
C、he doesn\'t like studying
D、he wants to drop maths
3.Bill cried to _______.
A、get his parents\' help
B、go to bed earlier
C、get something to eat
D、watch TV with his parents
【答案】① B ② C ③ D
【思維體操】
1.Which is more ,an English pound or an American dollar?
_______is more than _______.
A、An English pound; an American dollar
B、An English pound; a American dollar
C、An American dollar; an English pound
D、A American dollar; a English pound
【分析】
首先明確1英磅應(yīng)是an English pound, 1美元應(yīng)an American dollar,然后根據(jù)自己的課外知識(shí)，來(lái)判定哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是對(duì)的。
【答案】A
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
本單元重點(diǎn)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和專有名詞的使用。在各級(jí)各類考試中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是必考時(shí)態(tài)，而專有名詞偶而出現(xiàn)。
【動(dòng)腦動(dòng)手】
1.請(qǐng)用meal , breakfast , lunch, supper填空。
①I usually have three_______a day.
②How many _______do you usually have a day? Only two.
③It\'s six thing in the morning. It\'s time to have _______.
④My father sometimes has _______at seven o\'clock in ghe evening.
⑤His mother often has _______at school at noon.
【答案】①meals ②meals ③breakfast ④lunch ⑤supper
【分析】本題是融知識(shí)性及生活性與一體的綜合題。要搞清這些詞的含義及區(qū)別。
meal側(cè)重一頓飯 breakfast早餐(通過(guò)時(shí)間可斷定)
lunch午餐 supper晚餐
2.下面所給的圖形,均表示動(dòng)作的不同頻度。按照所給示例寫出其它頻度副詞。
例： always
① _______
② _______
③ _______
【答案】①usually ②often ③sometimes
【分析】 例always用百分比應(yīng)是120%
①usually用百分比顯示是more then 50%。
②often用百分比顯示是more then 50% 但弱于usually。
③sometimes“有時(shí)”，它的百分比less then 50%。
3.The boy is running with a nice kite with his friend .
The boy _______running with a nice kite .
【答案】and his friends are
【分析】 本題是測(cè)試你的發(fā)散思維和逆向思維能力。不僅要考慮保持原有句意而且要考慮詞的位置及變行。
【創(chuàng)新園地】
閱讀下列短文,試回答文后的問(wèn)題。
In this early days of the United States of America ,①it wasn\'t easy to get from one town or city to another. There were no trains ,of course, and the roads were very poor .If a man wanted to go from one place to another ,he often had to②ri a horse. And because the roads were bad ,he sometimes got very dirty.
“Do you a man came into a hotel in a little country town?” Your clothes were very dirty and you looked very tired.
“Do you have a room here for me ?”he asked. The man at the desk thought ,“I don\'t want this man ③ stay here, he\'s too dirty for my hotel.“I\'m sorry,” he said.“We have any more rooms .There\'s a small hotel down the street.You can ask there.”
Soon an important-looking man④having fine clothes⑤o came into the hotel.“I\'ve come to see Mr. Jefferson,\'he said .“Mr Jefferson?敗\'yes,Vice-Preeident Jefferson, we planned to meet here.\' The hotel man was⑥su .“A man in dirty clothes was just here. I thought he was a farmer ,and sent him to another hotel a few minntes ago\'The hotel man hurried to the Vice-President\'s room in the other hotel.
“Oh,Mr Jefferson.”he⑦(cry) .“I\'m very sorry. I thought you were a farmer. We have a room at our hotel. Please come back.”
“No,”said Mr Jefferson.“If there\'s no room for a farmer, there\'s no room for the Vice President, ⑧e .”
【注】①an important-looking man 像偉人的人
②Vice-President 副總統(tǒng)
1、試回答①處的it在句中所指的最初的詞和最后的詞。
2、試在②處寫出單詞的完整形式。
3、試在③處填入最合適的單詞。
4、試將④劃線處的詞,改寫成兩個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
5、試在⑤處寫出單詞的完整形式。
6、試在⑥處寫出單詞的完整形式。
7、試將⑦處的單詞寫出完整形式。
8、試在⑧處寫出單詞的完整形式。
同學(xué)們思考后，可將你的答案反饋給我們。
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